Fluid-motor deep well pump



Feb 6, 1934 l c. J. coBERLY FLUID MOTOR DEEP WELL PUMP 5 Sheets-Sheet `1Filed Feb. 16. 192'7 fOP/vfx o// u 0 a/ 5 Q5 2-04 Y mi; w i @w//m m /fc/7 /T? /V// 275 9 q N M M v /Nnw 9 am lx f Y E .m f /vd w Nm fm W 7 Vwmm w v W CV? m 1 K 6 E wm /owo mmh. u/M n O .o .m 7/0 5L ,f of, M T. F

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FLUID MOTOR DEEP'WELL PUMP Filed Feb. 16, 19727 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 fyi.

Patented Feb. 1934 UNITED STA 1,046,454 FLUID-Moron DEEP WELL PUMPClarence J. Coberly, Los Angeles. Calif.. assigner to Kobe, Inc.,Huntington Park, Calif., a corporation of Galilornia ApplicationFebruary 16, 1927. Serial No. 168,516

2o claim. (u. 121-150) My invention relates to deep well pumpingapparatus and more particularly to fluid-motor deep well pumps.

This type of pump includes a iuld motor and a pump associated therewith,and is adapted to be disposed in the lower end of the oil string' o! adeep well. A string of pump tubing is extended downward through the oilstring and connected with the pump. A motor operatingfiuid, vusuallyclean oil, is forced downward, preferably between the tubing and the oilstring, this iiuid operating the motor so as to cause the pump to forcewell oil, mixed with exhausted operating fluid, upward through the pumptubing.

In fluid-motor deep well pumps, it is extremely important that the motorcylinder have as large a diameter as possible. This diameter has beenlimited in these pumps, as previously made, because fluid conductingpipes, valves, or other parts of the mechanism have necessarily beendisposed betweenthe motor cylinder and the oil string. The insidediameter of the oil string usually being small and rarely exceeding sixinches, the diameter of the motor cylinder was thus correspondinglylimited.

It is an object of my invention to provide a fluid-motor deep well pumpin which no parts of the pump are required to be disposed between theouter wall of the motor cylinder and the inner wall of the oil string,thus permitting the motor cylinder to be made of a maximum possiblediameter.

It is in the interest of economy and correspondingly an object of myinvention to provide a fluid-motor deep well pump in which small groupsof parts, which slidingly interact, may,

p when worn, be replaced by new parts so that no new part will have toslidingly interact with an old worn part retained in the pump.

It is still another object of my invention to provide a fluid-motor deepwell pump in which operating fluid is admitted to the opposite ends ofthe motor cylinder by individual valves which may be individuallyreplaced when worn.

In most fluid-motor deep well pumps previously manufactured the partshave beencomplicated and diiiicult to produce, thus making the pump veryexpensive and reducing its commercial possibilities.

It is another object of my invention to produce a Huid-motor deep wellpump in which the parts are relativeiy simple to produce and which cantherefore be constructed at a comparatively low cost.

The large number of parts which have previously been used in theconstruction of fluid-motor deep well pumps has required a large stockof parts to be kept on hand by users of these pumps for the purpose ofrepair.

A further object of my invention is to provide a uid-motor deep wellpump in which a considerable number of parts are interchangeableduplicates of each other, thereby reducing the number of different kindsof spare parts needed to be kept in stock for repairing pumps inservice.

The main operating fluid valve in some of the previously produceduuid-motor deep well pumps is shifted by operating iiuid under thecontrol of' an auxiliary valve, the latter comprising a member shiftedby contact with the piston of the mo. tor during a certain portionnf itstravel.

It isa still further object of my invention to eliminate the auxiliaryvalve without losing its function, thus simplifying the pump anddecreasing its cost without loss in eiiiciency.

When a fluid-motor deep well pump is installed in the bottom of a well,the space between the lower end of the pump and the o il string is shutoff by a packer or by engagement of a surface on the pump with a valveseat provided in the lower end ofthe oil string. When it is desired todraw the pump from the well, as for the purpose of repairs, the initiallifting of, the pump tubing raises the pump from its seat or displacesthe packing in a. manner to allow the operating uid 86 between the pumptube and the oil string to drain downward into the well. The pumptubing, however, is iilled with oil being pumped to the surface of theground and if this oil is allowed to remain in the tubing during itswithdrawal from the well, 90

the oil gushes from each stand of tubing as it is uncoupled and causeswhat is called a wet job.

It is therefore a further object of my invention to provide afluid-motor deep well pump in which the initial movement of the pumptubing in the withdrawal of the pump from the bottom of the well causesthe oil in the pump tubing to bleed into the well.

Through the introduction of gummy substances into the pump at the bottomof the well the valves of the pump sometimes are caused to operateslower than their normal speed, thus causing a knocking of the pistonagainst the heads oi' the motor cylinder.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide an oil cushionfor the pistonat the ends of its stroke so as to prevent any possibilityVof the piston knocking against the body of the pump.

In order that a fluid-motor deep well pump may attain the highestpossible emciency it is desirable that the ow of oil exhausted from thepump be as nearly uniform as possible.

It is therefore another object of my invention to provide a uid-motordeep well pump in which the fluctuations in velocity of the pumped oilare compensated for so as to produce a substantially continuous flow ofoil from the pump.

Further objects and advantages will be made manifest in the followingdescription and in the accompanying drawings, in which -2 Y Loman Fig. 1is a diagrammatic view of a well and shows a preferred embodiment of thepump of my invention installed therein.

Fig. 2 is adiagrammatic vertical sectionalview of the pump of my'invention.

Figs. 3 to 'l inclusive are vertical sectional views which, when placedone beneath theother in consecutive order, provide a complete verticalsectional view of the pump of my invention and illustrates the preferredmanner in which this pump is constructed. The sectional views of theseiigures are taken o n the lines A-A of Figs. 8, 9 and 10.

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are transverse sectional views taken on thecorrespondingly numbered lines of- Fig. 5.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a complementary pair of valve bodymembers partially broken away to illustrate the structure thereof anddisposed in the proper relation for assembling.

1. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the valversleevesof my invention.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the pistonplunger of my invention, showing connecting pockets formed in the outersurface thereof.

Referring to the drawings in detail, Fig. l shows an oil well 20 havingan outer casing 21, the casing 21 being provided at its upper end with acasing head 22 for the purpose of conducting gas from the well through apipe 23.

A string of oil casing 24 is disposed throughout the length of the well20 inside the casing 21 and terminates at its upper end. within thecasing head 22 so as to connect with a pipe 25. A pump tubing 26 passesdownward through the casing head 22 making a fluid-tight t with theupper end of the oil string 24. The pump tubing 26 extends downward intothe oil string so that a fluid-motor deep well pump 30 whichisvconnected upon the lower end of the pump tubing 26 is disposed in thebottom of the well 20. A derrick floor 31 is disposed about the upperend .of the well 20 and supports a pump 32 having a power cylinder 33and a pump cylinder 34, the intake of the pump being connected to thepipe .35 and the pressure side of the pump being con- 'nected tothe'pipe 25.

The fluid-motor deep well pump 30 which is secured to the lower end ofthe pump tubing 26 :includes the following members which are con--nected consecutively from the upper to the lower end of the pump in theorder named:

A pump tubing bleeder 39, a sand valve unit 40, an upper pump shell 41,an upper valve shell 42, a motor cylinder 43, a lower valve shell 44, alower pump shell 45, a standing valve and oil string -bleeder 46,a.hook` wall packer 47, and a pump intake pipe 48.

Referring to Fig. 3, the pump tubing bleeder 39 includes a connectingcollar 54 which is threadedly connected to the lower end of the pumptubing 26. The lower portion of the collar 54 is belled so as to form acylindrical cavity 55. The cavity 55 is provided with threads 56. Ableeder valve seat member 5'? ,has an upper externally threaded sleeve58 which is adapted to be screwed into the threads 56 so that the upperend 60 thereof is disposed in spac'ed relation with the upper end of thecavity 55. Lugs 61 are provided upon the upper end of the sleeve 58 inuniform spaced relation from each other, as shown. The bleeder valveseat member 57 is provided with a valve seat 62 about the lower mouththereof and has a cylindrical bore 63 which is ground t9 an exact size,for a purpose to be described later. Prior to the introduction of thesleeve 58 into the cavity 55a locking tube 64 is adapted to be Aextended into the cavity 55, the tube `64 having an annular head 65provided upon its upper end so as to project outwardly therefrom.Recesses 66 are formed in the llower edge of the annular head 65 atproper intervals so that when' the sleeve 58 is screwed into the threads56, the lugs 61 may enter the4 recesses 66 in a manner to lock the tube64 against rotation relative to the sleeve 58 and the collar 54.

-An outer surface 680i the tube 64 is ground so as to make a fluid-tightsliding iit with the bore 63. Holes 70 are provided in a wall of thetube 64 opposite the bore 63 just above the valve seat 62, and the lowerend of the tube 64, below the hole 70, is threadedly received into theinternally threaded valve head 74 of a sand valve sleeve 75 of the sandvalve unit 40. ,The valve head 74 has a face 76 which is complementaryto and adapted to seat upon the valve seat 62 when the lugs 61 aredisposed downward a given distance out of the recesses 66 in the mannerillustrated in Fig. 3.

The sand valve sleeve 75 has a bore I7 which is provided with aninternal annular shoulder '18 at the lower end thereof. A sand valveseat ring is adapted to rest upon the shoulder 'I8 and be held in placeby a spider sleeve 81 which is contacted at its opposite ends by thering 80 and the lower lend of the tube 64. The spider sleeve 81 has arms82 extending inward at the upper end of a hub 83 which is adapted toguide the stem 84 of a sand valve 85 so that the latter may-freely risefrom or seat upon a suitable seat provided upon the ring 80 according tothe resultant force of hydraulic pressure applied thereto. An annularshoulder 88 extends outward from the outer surface of the sand valvesleeve '15, and the lower end of the sand valve sleeve below thisshoulder is threaded so as to be threadedly received into the upper endof the upper pump shell 41 until the shoulder 88 rests against the endof this shell. Prior to the introduction of the lower threaded end ofthe sand valve sleeve 75 into the shell 41, a threaded supporting ring90 of a gas cushion bell 91 is screwed into the upper threaded end ofthe shell 4l so as to be trapped therein by the sand valve sleeve '15.The ring 90 has lantern legs 92 which extend downward therefrom and aresecured to a head 93 of the bell 91 in a manner to support this bellcentrally within a chamber 94 of theupper pumpshell 41. Lugs 95 areprovided externally upon the lower end of the bell 91 so as to centerthis in the chamber 94.

The lower end of the upper pump shell 41 extends downward below thelower end of the bell 91 and is threadedly received in the upper end ofthe upper valve shell 42. The valve shell 42 has a cylindrical valvechamber which extends downward into the shell 42 a greater portion ofthe length thereof. The valve chamber 100 is restricted at its lower endby an inwardly projecting annular shoulder 101 which provides aninternal cylindrical valve seat 102. The valve seat 102 ends at thelower end of the valve chamber 100 where a counterbore 103 extends intothe lower end of the valve shell 42 so as to form a shoulder 104. Themouth portion of the counterbore 103 is threaded as at -105 and theremainder of this counterbore is carefully ground to size for a purposeto be described later.

The interior surface 108 of the shell 42 which d adjacent the internalthreads prois dispose upper end of the chamber 100 1s carevided at thito size for a purpose to be described fully gro annular channel 109 isformed in the lefgce 10s and holes 110 communicate through fha Wall ofthe shell 42 between the channel 109 and the exterior of the shell, asclearly shown in Fig. 5. Intake holes112 are formed through thethickened portion 101 of the walls of the shell 42, as shown. for apurpose to be described later.

The upper and lower valve shells 42 and 44 are identical to each otherand are adapted to be connected to the upper and lower ends of the motor'cylinder 43 in inverted position relative to 'each other in a mannerwhich will be described later. 'lhe motor cylinder 43 has a groundinternal cylindrical surface 113 which enclosesa motor piston chamber114. Racial end faces 115 of the cylinder 43 are ground perpendicular tothe axis of the cylinder. surfaces 116 are provided on the extreme endportions of the cylinder 43 and external threads 117 are cut into thecylinder adjacent-to these sur.

faces. Y

' Hardened pistonstop rings 118 are ground externallyso as to accuratelyfit into the bores 103 of the valve shells 42 and 44. The end faces ofeach ring 118 are ground perpendicular to the axis of the ring, and thering is provided with a tapered internal surface, the juncture of whichwith opposite end faces of the ring forms shoulders 119 and 120 forpurposes to be described later.

A ring 118 is adapted to be placed in the bore 103 of each of the valveshells 42. and 44, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. An end of the cylinder 43is then inserted into each of the bores 103 so that the threads 117engage with the valve shell threads 105 and draw the valve shells andpiston cylinder together. The external surfaces 116 of the cylinder 43accurately fit the ground bores 103, and the radial end faces 115 of thecylinder are forced into contact with radial faces of the rings 118 sothat the cylinder 43 is held in accurate A piston 139 is slidablydisposed in the piston chamber 114. The piston 130 includes a shell 131,the exterior surface 132 of which is ground to a true cylinder to make afluid-tight sliding t with the ground inner surface 113 of the cylinder43. The shell 131 has an interior bore 134 having threads at its lowerend, and which connects with a bore 135 of a less diameter at the' upperend of the piston so as to provide a shoulder 136. The bore 135 isground to a true concentric cylindrical surface. The extreme upper end138 of the shell 131 is of such outside diameter as to pass freely intothe adjacent ring 118 as the plunger nears the upward extremity of itsstroke. The end portion 138 has a base shoulder 139, the shoulder 139being adapted to closely t into the lower portion of that ring 118 so asto form a pocket 140 between the shoulder 120, the cylinder 43 andthe'piston shell 131 for a purpose to be described later. An extension141 is formed upon the lower end of the shell 131 to provide a recess142 which is adapted to function when the piston is at the lower end ofits stroke for the same purpose as the shoulder 139 formed at the upperend of the shell 131 functions when the piston is at the upper end ofits stroke.

An upper pump plunger 145 has a long plunger tube 146 which extendsupward from a cylindrical base 147, the outer surface of which is groundto a cylinder co-axial with the tube 146 and which External cylindricalaligning' alignment with each of the valve shells 42 andv fits thesurface 135 of the-shell 131. The base 147 has a lower portion 148 ofincreased diameter which abuts against the shoulder 136 of the shell131.

`Upper and lower series of inlet pockets 149 and 150 are formed in theouter surface of the upper plunger tube 146 in such position and for.

a purpose to be described later. A series of upper exhaust pockets 151are formed in the It is preferable, for a reason to be explained later,

that the number of pockets in each series be odd, and for the purpose ofillustration each of these series is shown as consisting of fivepockets. The

exhaust pockets 151 and 152 are equal in length andthe inlet pockets 149and.150 are also equal in length, but the inlet pockets are considerablylonger than the exhaust pockets.

A series of exhaust pockets 152 When the upper plunger 145 has beenassembled with' the shell 131, as shown in Fig. 5, a

working valve seat 156, a working valve sleeve 157, a spider 158 and thevalve 159 are inserted into the bore .134 in the position as shown,these parts being identical in structure and assembled inthe same manneras corresponding parts of the sand valve described above. '.I'he lowerportion of the bore 134 is ground to a true cylindrical surface.`

The cylindrical base portion 160 of a lower pump plunger 161 is providedwith a ground outer surface 162 which is adapted to snugly theseplungers forming tubular extensions from this piston. A lower plungertube 166 extends downnfrom the base 160 through the gland 163.

Upper and lower series of inlet pockets 167 and 168 respectively areprovided in the outer surface of the lower plunger tube 166. Thesepockets are equal in length to the inlet pockets 149 and 150 lof theupper plunger tube 146 and are disposed the same distance apart axiallyon the lower plunger tube 166 as the inlet pockets 149 and 150 aredisposed apart axially on the upper plunger tube 146. A series of upperexhaust pockets 169 is provided in the outer surface of the lowerplunger tube 166 just below the upper inlet pockets 167. A series oflower exhaust pockets 170 is provided in the outer surface of the lowerplunger tube 166 just above the lower inlet pockets 168. The exhaustpockets 169 and 170 are equal in length to each other and to the exhaustpockets 151 and 152 of the upper same manner as to 152 inclusive of theupper An upper valve mechanism 173 is adapted to be in the upper valveshell 42 and is retained in this shell by contact of its upper and lowerends respectively with the upper plunger shell 41 and the shoulder 119of the upper ring 118. This upper valve mechanism forms an upper headwhich defines the upper end of the motor piston chamber 114.

An accurately ground pump chamber 174 is provided to pass axiallythrough the valve mechanism 173, the chamber 174 making a fluid-tightsliding nt with the outer surface of the upper plunger tube 146.

described for the pockets 149 plunger tube 146.

A lower valve mechanism 175 is retained in al similar manner within thelower valve shell 44,

thus forming a lower head which defines the' lower end of the pistonchamber 114. The lower valve mechanism 175 has an accurately ground pumpchamber 176 which is adapted to slidably receive and accurately nt theexterior surface of the lower plunger tube 166 which, as previouslymentioned, is of greater diameter than the upperplunger tube 146.

The upper valve mechanism 173 includes a valve body 180, which is formedof male and female body members 181 and 182, and a valve sleeve 183. Thelower valve mechanism 175 includes a valve body 185, which is formed ofmale and female body members 186 and 187, and a valve sleeve 188. Whilethe upper and lower valve shells 42 and 44 are identical they aresecured to opposite ends of the cylinder 43 so as to be invertedrelative to each other. Due to the difference in diameter of the upperand lower plunger tubes 146 and 166 the valve mechanisms 173 and 175,which are disposed between the tubes 146 and 166 and the valve shells 42and 44 necessarily differ in radial thickness. Aside from thisdifference, however, the upper and lower valve mechanisms 173 and 175are identical in structure and operate in exactly the same manner. Thevalve mechanisms 173 and 175, however, are inverted relative to eachother in the same manner as the valve shells in which they are enclosed.

The valve sleevesLl83 and 188 are interchangeable as also are the valvebody female members 182 and 187. Due to the practically identical natureof the valve mechanisms 173 and 175, a detailed description of thelatter will sumce for both.

Referring to Figs. 6 and 1l, the male member 186 is tubular in form andis provided internally with the ground cylindrical surface 176previously mentioned. Near its upper end, the member 186 is providedexternally with an annular channel 190 which is connected with the upperend of the member 186 by longitudinal grooves 191, thus forming a seriesof radial lugs 192 projecting outward from the upper end of the member186. The upper portions of the lugs 192 are provided with surfaces 193which are adapted to flt the outer end portion of the surface 102 of thevalve shell 44. Formed on the lugs 192 below the surfaces 193 are valvesleeve supporting surfaces 194.

- Cylindrical valve engaging surfaces 195 and 196 are provided upon themember 186 below the channel 190, the surfaces 195 and 196 being of thesame radius as the surfaces 194. The surfaces 195 and 196 are separatedby a shallow external annular channel 199. A radial surface 200 projectsinwardly from the lower edge of the eight in number, pass through thetube 202 at the upper end thereof, adjacent to the radial surface 200,these holes corresponding in number and being axially alignedindividually with the holes 205. Other series of holes 207 and 208 areprovided substantially in the middle portion of the lower tubularportion 202 of the member 186 and are axially aligned respectively witheach other and with the corresponding ones of the holes 205 and 206. Aseries of holes 210 is formed in the tube 202 substantially intermediateof the radial planes of'the series of holes 206 and the series of holes207. The holes 207 and 208 constitute the primary pair of holes, and theholes 206 and 210 constitute the secondary pair of holes. which areutilized during the travel of the piston towards the holes 206 and 207,208 and\210. The primary holes 207 and 208 provide for the discharge offluid from adjacent one side of the annular sleeve piston 253,hereinafter described, of the-valve sleeve, and the secondary holes 206and 210 provide a means of supplying the operating fluid to the otherside of the annular sleeve piston 253. The holes 205 and 206, and theholes 207 and 210 constitute the tertiaryl and quaternary pairs ofholes, respectively, which are utilized during the travel of the pistonaway from the holes, the tertiary holes 205 and 206 providing for theldischarge of fluid from one side of the annular sleeve piston 253 ofthe valve sleeve, and the quaternary lholes 207 and 210 providing ameans for supplying fluid to the other side of the annular sleeve piston253. Narrow channels 212 are provided in the exterior surface 201, whichchannels communicate between the holes 208 and the lower end of the tube202. Channels 213 formed in the surface 201 connect with the holes 210and extend downward between adjacent pairs of holes 207 and 208 andterminate a given distance above the lower end of the tube 202.

The member 187 is provided with a. bore 220 which is adapted to make apress flt and is coextensive in length with the surface 201 of the tube202. In Fig. 11, the member 187 is properly positioned relative to themember 186 so that when these members are pressed together they willproperly form the valve body 185. The member 187 has a tubular jacket221 which has a ground exterior surface 222 which is perfectlycylindrical in shape. A tubular portion 223, of largerdiameter than thejacket 221, is formed therebeneath and has an exterior groundcylindrical surface 224. An annular externally projecting head 225 isformed about the lower end of the member 187 and is separated from thelower end of the surface 224 by an annular grinding channel 226 which isprovided for a purpose well known in the art. The head 225 has a groundcylindrical surface 228 in which a shallow annular external channel 229is provided. An expansion ring channel 230 is provided in the surface224 for the retention of an expansion ring 231.

Y A series of notches .236 is provided in the upper end of the jacket221 so that one of the notches 236 will be disposed opposite each of theholes 206 of the member 186 when the members 187 and 186 are assembled.A series of holes 237 is formed at the lower end of the Jacket 221,these holes being adapted to communicate with the holes 207 of themember 186 when the member 187 is assembled thereon. Radial holes 240are provided to pass through the head 225 and, when the body 186 isassembled, connect between the lower ends of the axial channels 213 andthe annular channel 229. A series of holes 241 pass' obliquely throughthe head 225 vbetween theholes 240 and communicate between the upper andlower surfaces of the head.

Referring to Fig. 12, the valve sleeve 188 has upper and 'lower tubularportions 250 and 251 which are practically of uniform wall thickness.and an intermediate thicker tubular portion 252 which projects inwardlyto form an annular sleeve piston 253. The inner surfaces 254, 255 and256 of the sleeve portions 250, 251 and 252 are ground to accurateconcentric cylindrical surfaces. The upper and lower faces 257 and 258of the piston 253 are slightly bevelled, as shown, for a purpose to bedescribed later. The tubular portion 250 is provided with two series ofradial holes 260 and 261, of which series corresponding holes are inradial alignment, these holes being located and functioning for apurpose to be described later. An end portion 262 of the exteriorsurface of the valve sleeve portion 250 is accurately ground to a truecylinder for a purpose to be described later.

In the assembly of the valve mechanism 175, the valve sleeve 188 isplaced, in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 12. downward overthe valve body member 187. The expansible ring 231 is contracted by sometool devised for that purpose during this assembly. The internalcylindrical surface 255 of the valve sleeve is adapted to make a.fluid-tight nt with the external cylindrical surface 224 of the member187. The surface 256 of the sleeve piston 253 is adapted to -make ailuid-tightsliding t upon the surface 222 of the valve body member 187.lThe valve body member 186 is now pressed downward into the member 187when these parts are in the relative position in which they are shown inFig. ll. As this assembly of the valve body 185 is being completed theupper end of the member 186 enters the upper tubular portion 250 and thesurfaces 194, 195 and 196 of the member 186 are adapted to make afluid-tight sliding t with the internal cylindrical surface 254 of thevalve sleeve 188. When the valve mechanism 175 has been thus assembledit is ready for installation in the valve shell 44, as shown in Fig. 6and as previously described. i

When the valve mechanism 175 is thus disposed in the valve shell 44, theradial end surfaces of the lugs 192 bear against the radial shoulder ofthe impact ring 118 disposed in the bore 103 of the valve shell 44, andthe outer edge of the head 225, at the opposite end of the valvemechanism, is engaged by the upper end of the lower pump shell 45, thusretaining the valve mechanism 17 5 against axial movement within theshell 44. The cylindrical surfaces 193 of the' lugs 192 make a tightsliding contact with the upper portion of the internal cylindricalsurface 102 of the valve shell 44. The ground cylindrical surface 262 ofthe valve sleeve 188 is adapted to make a fluid-tight sliding fit withthe internal cylindrical surface 102 of the valve'shell 44. The externalcylindrical surface 228 of the head 225 of the valve body member 187 isadapted to make a duid-tight fit with the internal cylindrical surface108 of the lower end of the valve shell ,44.

The holes 112 now'communicate with the radial channels 191 when thevalve sleeve 188 is in downward position, as shown in Fig. 6. Theinternal annular channel 109 of the valve shell 44 is disposed directlyopposite the external channel 229 of the valve body head 225 so as toform a continuous annular passageway 265 which insures communicationbetween the holes 110 of the valve shell 44 and the holes 240 of thevalve body member 187. An annular passage 266 is formed by the freespace between the sleeve .188 and the valve shell 44. The sleeve piston253 is of such axial length that it may1 reciprocate between a lowerposition, in which it is shown in Fig. 6, and an upper position-in whichthe upper face 257 contacts with the radial surface 200 of the valvebody member 186. This reciprocation is made possible by a supply ofoperating fluid alternately supplied to the opposite ends of an annularpiston chamber in which the sleeve piston l253 operates, this pistonchamber being defined between the tubular jacket 221 and the tubularportions 250 and 251 on the valve sleeve, and between the radial surface200 and the radial surface adiacent the lro1es 237.

The construction and assembly of the members of the valve mechanism 173being substantially identical with that of the construction and assemblyof the valve mechanism 175, the reference shell 42 in the same manner asthe passage 266.

Owing to the various portions of the walls of the male member 182 of thevalve mechanism 173 being considerably thicker than the correspondingportions of the .walls of the male member 186 of the valve mechanism175, it has been found advantageous to provide narrow, annular, internalchannels 268 in the cylindrical pump chamber 174 of the valve mechanism173 so that each of these channels connects the holes of one of theseries 205, 206, 207, 208 or 210 of the male member 182 in which thepump chamber 174 is formed. These channelsdo not alter the manner inwhich these holes function in the upper valve mechanism 173 but merelypermit the connecting pockets 149 to 152 to be made shallower. Thelatter is an advantage due to the necessary thinness of the wall of theupper plunger tube 146.

The lower plunger shell 45 extends downward a suitable distance toprovide a lower plunger chamber 270 in which the lower plunger tube 166may operate and threadedly receives at its lower end the upper threadedportion 271 of a standing valve sleeve 272. The standing valve sleeve272 is identical and therefore interchangeable with the sand valvesleeve 75, previously described, but is disposed in inverted positionrela- .tive thereto. A standing valve 275 is mounted ing elements of thesand valve unit 40. The valve sleeve 272 also has a valve head 278 whichis provided with a valve face 280 and threadedly receives at 281 theupper end of the inner tube 282 of the hook wallpacker 47. The hook wallpacker 47 is rictionally supported upon the outer surface of the innertube 282 in a manner well known im the art and is provided with a headmember 2 85 having a valve seat 286 upon which the valve surface 280 isadapted to seat when the hook wall packer 47 has been properly expandedwithin the be applied to corre- 6 'oil string 24. A coupling 290 isprovided upon the' lower end of the inner tube 282 for connect- 'ingthis tube to the pump intake pipe 48. Teeth 291 are provided upon theupper edge of the coupling 290 and are adapted to engage with teeth `292of a lower member 293 of the hook wallpackf of the kteeth 291 with theer 47. The engagement teeth 292 permits the transmission of rotarymotion between the pump tubing 26 and the hook wall packer 47 for thepurpose of accomplishing the expansion of the latter in a manner wellknown to the art.

When the hook Wall packer 47 has beenexpanded the seating of the valvehead 278 upon the valve surface 286 completes an effective seal betweenthe lower end of the fluid-motor pump -30 and the oil string 24. It isdesired to point out that the operation of the hook wall packer 47 bythe rotation of the pump 30 through the pump tubing 26 is made possibleby the fact that the lugs 61 in the pump tubing bleeder 39 areconstantly disposed in the recesses 66 so that a rotation of the pumptubing 26 will be transmitted to the pump 30.

In the installation of the pump of my invention, the hook wall packer 47is set in the manner previously referred to and the valve head 278seated upon the seat 286 so as to effectively seal off the spaceAbetween the pump and' the oil string from the bottom of the well. Thepump tubing 26 is also allowed to move downwardly a suflicient 74 of thesand valve unit 40 seats against the valve seat 62 of the bleeder 39.The fluid pump 32 is now put into operation and a clean operating uid isdrawn from any suitable source of supply through the pipe 35'and forcedthrough the pipe -25 intothe upperfend of the oil string 24. Thisoperating fluid is preferably a light oil similar to the oil in the welland therefore when the space within the oil string 24, outside of thepump tube 26 and the pump 30, is filled with operating fluid, aconsiderable pressure can be imposed by the pump 32 upon this column ofoperating huid. As previously mentioned the piston 130 is adapted toreciprocate in the motor cylinder 43 and the upper and lower pumpplunger tubes 146 and 166 respectively slide in their respective pumpchambers and reciprocate with the piston 130. In both the diagrammaticview of Fig. 2 and the detailed structural views of Figs. 5 to 10inclusive, the parts of the pump 30 are shown in their normal positionsas the piston 130 nears the uppermost end of its upstroke. It will benoted at this time that the valve sleeve 188 of the valve mechanism 175is disposed downwardly and thus a passageway is set up leading from theexterior of the valve shell 44 through the holes 112 thereof and throughthe axial channels 191 into the lower end of the motor cylinder 43. Thespace between the pump 30 and the oil string 24 being filled withoperating uid under high pressure the iiuid is at this time enteringthrough the passageway just described and forcing the piston 130upwardly.

In Fig. 5, it is noted that the valve sleeve 183 of the valve mechanism173 is likewise disposed in its lower position which causes the exteriorcylindrical surface 262 of the sleeve 183 to close the holes 112 of thevalve shell 42 and also causes the holes 260 of the sleeve 183 to bedisposed opposite the channel 190 of the valve body 180. An exhaustpassageway for the motor cylinder is thus opened leading from the upperend of the motor cylinder 43 through the axial chandistance so that thevalve head' `sitioned to set up a -are closed and an exhaust passagewaychannel 190. the holes 260 and the holes 241. This passageway permitsthe exhaust of-operating fluid from the upper end into the lower end oftlieupper plungerl shell 41. When the piston 130 rises a slight distanceabove the position -in which it is shown in the drawings, the exhaustpockets 152 to position opposite the valve body 180 so as to set up anexhaust passageway for the valve piston chamber leading from the spaceabove the piston 253 of the valve sleeve 183 so that used operatingiiuid which may be disposed in that space may escape upward into thelower end of the tube 41. At the same time that the exhaust pockets 152thus move into the position above described, the inlet pockets 150 moveinto such'position as to connect the holes 210 and 206 of the valveboth! 180 soy as to form an intake passageway for the valve pistonchamber and permit operating fluid from the exterior of the valve shell42 to enter beneath the piston 253 of the valve sleeve 183 and forcethis valve sleeve into uppermost position. This lifting of the valvesleeve 183 will move the holes 260 out channel 190 of the valve body 180and. close the communication between that channel and the space 267, andit will also form an intake passageway for the motor cylinder frombetween the exterior of the pump and the upper end of the cylinder 43axial channels 191. Thus operating iiuld will enter the upper end of themotor cylinder 43 and move the piston 130 downward. Simultaneously withthe arrival of the lowermost-pair of pockets 150 and 152 in thepositions just described so as to cause an upward shifting of the valvesleeve 183,` the lower inlet and exhaust pockets 168 and 170 of thelower plunger tube 166 move into positionas follows:

The pockets 170 cover lthe holes 205 and 288 of the valve body 185 so asto form an exhaust passageway for the valve piston chamber and permittheA exhaust of operating fluid, which -is disposed above the piston 253of the valve sleeve- 188, through the shallow channel 199, the valvesleeve holes 280 and281,- the passage 266 and the holes 241, into theupper end of the vlower plunger shell 45. The inlet pockets 168 arepocommunication. between the holes 210 and the holes 207 so as to admitoperating fluid from the exterior of the pump into the space underneaththe piston'253 of the valve nels 191, the annular the passage '267,

sleeve 188. The valve sleeve 188 is thus caused..

to shift from its lower to its upper position.

The positioning of the pockets 150 and 152 of the upper plunger 145 andthe pockets-168 and 170 of the lower plunger 161, as above described, isso arranged as to cause the valve sleeves 183 to be shifted upwardsimultaneously. Therefore, at the same timeV the passageway is set up,vas

and 188 of the motor cylinder 43 will move irl-fv hOleS 208 8nd 207 Ofthe f of registration with the through the holes 112 and me previouslydescribed, which permits the entrance of operating uid into the upperend of the cylinder 43, the holes 112 of the lower valve shell 44 is setup leading from the lower end of the cylinder 43 through the axialchannels 191 and the annular channel 190 of the valve body 185, theholes 260 of the valve sleeve 188, tween the valve mechanism and theshell 44, and the holes 241 of the valve body A185, thus permitting theused operating huid which is disposed in thelower end of the cylinder 43to be exhausted downward into the upper end of the the passageway 266bel tvc 9111111111611 15 as the vision 130 1s moved This shifting isaccomplished by the positioning of these pockets as follows:

The exhaust pockets 151 connect the holes 206 and 205 of the valve body180 so as to set up an exhaust passage vfrom beneath the piston 253 ofthe valve sleeve 183 which leads through the shallow channel 199 and thevalve sleeve holes 260 and 261, the passage 266 and the holes 241 intothe lower end of the upper pump shell 41. The pockets 149 connect theholes 210 and 207 of the 4valve body 180 so as to admit operating fluidabove the piston 253 of the valve sleeve 183.

The exhaust pockets 169 are positioned so as to connect the holes 207and 208 of the valve body 185 and set up an exhaust passageway leadingfrom beneath the piston 253 of `the valve sleeve 188 through thechannels 212 into the upper end of the lower pump shell 45. The inletpockets 167 connect the holes 210 with the holes 206 of the valve body18,5 so as to admit operating fluid above the piston 253 of the valvesleeve 188.

As can easily be seen a positioning of the series of pockets 149, 151,167, and 169, as just described, results in the downward sluiting of thevalve sleeves 183 and 188 to the positions in which they are shown inthe drawings. Due to the high pressure of the operating oil the sleeves183 and 188 are positively and rapidly thrown to their oppositepositions when operating uid is admitted behind these sleeves bymovement of the piston 130. With the valve sleeves 183 and 188 thuspositioned the piston 130 will be moved upward on its upstroke until itreaches the positionin which it is shown in the drawings. Thus acomplete cycle of the reciprocation of the piston 130 is completed andit is clear that with a continuous supply of operating uid underpressure between the oil string and the pump, this cycle will berepeated in a continuous reciprocation of the piston 130.

The standing valve 275 and the working valve 159 cooperate in the wellknown manner, due to the reciprocation of the piston 130, to draw o'ilfrom the intake pipe 48 and force this oil upward into the lower end ofthe upper pump shell 41. The pumped well oil (plus the used operatingfluid discharged downward into the lower pump shell 45) passes upwardthrough the lower plunger 161, the piston 130, and the upper plunger 145and is discharged from the upper end of the tube 146 thereof into a gaschamber 310 of the bell 91. This iuid then passes downward between thetube 146 and the bell 91 and upward between the bell 91 and the shell41, through the lantern legs 92, and, lifting the sand valve 85, passesupward into the pump tubing 26.

In practically all oil wells'there is a. certain amount of gas presentin the oil which tends to separate out in bubbles and rises to thesurface of the oil. Thus a body of gas tends -to collect in the upperend of the chamber 310 within the bell 91. This body of gas acts as acushion and harmonizes or rendersrmore constant the pulsating stream ofoil flowing upward from the pump 30. Thus the loss of energy which wouldotherwise 7 0001111111@ to iluctuatlons 1n the velocity of the upowingoil are practically eliminated.

The expansive rings 231 of both the upper and lower valve mechanisms 173and 175 are designed to frictionally bear against the valve sleeves 183and 188 to prevent these valve sleeves settling by gravity or beingmoved by any other force than by the positive action of the operatingfluid. The upper and lower faces 257 and 258 of the pistons 253 of thevalve sleeves 183 and 188 are beveled so that there is at all times anopen space adjacent to these faces against which operating fluid may actin order to shift these sleeves in the operation of the pump. Theexhaust pockets of the plunger tubes are made considerably shorter thanthe inlet pockets thereof because it is necessary that the exhaustpockets pass over the ports singly which the inlet pockets immediatelythereafter embrace simultaneously so as to connect.

In order to remove the pump from the well, as for inspection or repairs.the pump tubing 26 is withdrawn in the well known manner. The firstlifting of the pump tubing 26 raises theo/alve seat 62 of the bleeder 39from the valve head 74 of the sand valve sleeve 75. Oil within the pumptubing 26 is thus allowed to bleed out through the holes 70 into thespace between the pump and the oil string. This space is as yet,however, sealed off at the lower end of the pump 30. Continued liftingof the pump tubing 26 raises the pump 30 so that the valve head 278 ofthe standing valve sleeve 272 (see Fig. 7) is lifted from the valve seat286 allowing fluid in the oil string above the packer 47 to passdownwardly between the packer and its inner tube 282 into the lowerportion of the oil string. The packer 47 is also dislodged by thislifting so that the pump 30 may be drawn from the well, the fluid in thepump tubing bleeding into the oil string above the pump 30 and that inthe oil string above the pump 30 bleeding through the packer 47 into the.bottom of the oil string. Thus upon the withdrawal of the pump of myinvention from the well, the fluid normally disposed in the oil stringand pump tubing above the pump is all automatically permitted to bleedinto the bottom of the well.

It is desired to point out that while the motor cylinder 43 isthreadedly received into the ends of the valve shells 42 and 44, thecylinder might easily be of the same diameter as the valve shells and beconnected to these elements by internal connecting nipples. Thus thediameter of the cylinder may be said to have a possible eter equal tothe maximum diameter of the pump due to the novel construction disclosedherein.

The interchangeability of the parts which is made possible by the novelarrangement of this construction is a feature of great importance. Inthis regard, the interchangeable elements may be summarized as follows:The entire sand valve unit 40 is interchangeable with the standing valveunit 46. The valve, seat ring, and spider sleeve of-either of theseunits is interchangeable with corresponding working valve parts of thepiston 130.V The upper and lower valve shells 42 and 44 areinterchangeable; so are the valve sleeves 183 and 188, and also thevalve body female members 181 and 187.

Thus I have produced an extremely simple fluid-motor deep well pumpwhich is 'inexpensive to construct and extremely economical inoperation.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a fluid-operated motor adapted. to be positioned in a well, thecombination of: a cylinpiston slidable in saidcylinder by fluid pressurecontrol valve means alternately supplied to opposite ends of -saidcylinder; two extensions on said piston, one extension extending intoone of said heads and the other extending into the other of said heads;means for supplying a motive iiuid to said motor; a iluidpressure-operated control valve means situated at one end of saidmotorfor controlling the ilow of motive'fluid into and' out of onelendof said cylinder; a second iluid pressure-operated situated at the otherend of said motor for controlling the flow ofmotive fluid into and outof the,other end of said cylinder; and means controlled by thepositionof said extensions to admit motive iiuid into` operating relation withsaid valve means.

2. In a fluid-operated motor adapted to be positioned in a well, thecombination of: a cylinder; heads at opposite ends of said cylinderand'V providing openings; a piston slidable in said cylinder andproviding a pair of. extensions ex- "a pair of sleeves telescopicallytending respectively into said openings; a motive 'fluid supply means; a:duid-operated control valve in the-form of a sleeve 'surrounding one ofsaid extensions; another fluid-operated control valve in the form of asleeve surrounding the other or said extensions, said control valvesbeing mechanically free to move independently of each other, andcontrolling the flow ci motive uid from said supply means which movesthrough said cylinder to reciprocate said piston; valve means formed onone oi -said extensions for controlling the ow of uid operating thecontrol valve therearound; and valve means formed on the other of saidextensions for controlling the flow of fluid operating the control valvetherearound. l

3. In a iluid-motor adapted to be positioned in a well, the combinationof: a pair ci heads in spaced relationship; a cylinder extending betweensaid heads and providing a chamber; a

- piston reciprocable in said chamber by fluid presfree to moveindependently of each other, and' including means surrounding said motorto pro.- -vide a passage through which operating ,fluid may be suppliedto said motor.

. '4. A huid-motor comprising: walls forming a cylinder; two heads, oneclosing one end of said cylinder and the other closing the other end oisaid cylinder; means for supplying a motive iluid under pressure; apiston sliding relationship in said cylinder; an extension carried onone end of said piston and projecting in iluidtight relationship intoone of said heads; another extension carried on the other end of saidpiston and projecting in duid-tight relationship into the other of saidheads; a control valve controlling the admission and exhaust of fluidfrom one end oi said cylinder; a second control valve controlling theadmission and exhaust of fluid from the other end oi said cylinder; andiluid passage means on said extensions for controlling the operation ofsaid valves.

5. In a iluid motor, the combination of: a moably `disposed in saidcylinder; and a head closing an end of said cylinder, said headincluding assembled to form in fluid-tight. `cylinder.

an annular piston chamber, "and-a sleevel valve.

retained in place upon said sleeves when thus assembled and having inginto said chamber, said valve controlling admission of motive iluid intoan end `of said cylinder, there being means provided in said head forconducting motive iuid into the annular chamber thereof so as to movesaid annular valve piston therein and thus aotuate said valve, saidmeans being controlled by the position or said piston.

6. In a fluid motor, the combination oi: a motive iluid supply means; acylinder; a piston slidably disposed in said cylinder; a head closing anend of said cylinder, said head including a pair of memberstelescopically assembled, and a sleeve valve retained in place upon saidmembers when thus assembled, said valve controlling aon ci motive fluidinto an end of said cylinder, there being one means ier conductingmotive uid into said cylinder and a separate means provided in said headfor conducting tive relation with the valve thereof, said head includinga shell surrounding said valve to form a uid passagecommunicating'between the lnterior of said valve and an end oi saidhead; and means carried by said piston ior causing said sleeve valve tobe operated.

7. In a fluid motor, the combination ci: a motive fluid supply means; acylinder; a piston slidably disposed in said cylinder; a head closing anend of said cylinder, said head including a pair of memberstelescopically assembled, and a sleeve valve retained in place upon saidmembers when thus assembled, said valve controlling admissionof motiveiluid into an end oi said cylinder, there being one means for conductingmotive fluid into said cylinder and a separate means provided in saidhead for conducting motive iluid into operative relation with the valvethereof, said head including a shell surrounding lsaidjvalve to form ailuid passage communicating between said valve and an 'end of said head,said shell having a surface engaged by said valve in order to effectsaid control of admission of fluid into said cylinder;

. and means carried by said piston for causing said 10`. In a tive fluidsupply means; a cylinder; a piston slidably disposed in said cylinder; ahead closing an end oi said cylinder, said head including a pair ofsleeves telescopically assembled to form an annular valve pistonchamber, a sleeve valve reta* ned in place upon said sleeves when thusassembled, and having an annular piston extending into said chamber, anda shell surrounding said valve and co-axially positioned relative tosaid sleeves, said shell having a surface engageable by said valve tocontrol admission of motive fluid to said cylin- V der; and an extensionon said piston slidably ntsleeves, there being a pocket in saidextension 'and holes in said head cooperating when said piston has agiven position to supply motive iluid to said annular-slumber to actuateting one of said an annular piston extend- Bti motive uid intooperafluid motor, the combination oi a mo- Lacasse said valve to admitmotive fluid into to move said piston.

11. A combination as in claim l0 in which another pocket in saidextension `connects with other holes in said head, when said piston hasanother position, to supply motive fluid to said annular chamber toactuate said valve to stop a supply of motive iiuid to said cylinder andpermit an exhaust of used motive iiuid therefrom.

12. In a fluid motor, the combination of a m0- tive fluid supply means;a cylinder; a piston slidable in said cylinder; -a head closing an endof said cylinder; an extension provided to move with said piston andslidably fitting said head; valve means for controlling the admission ofmotive fluid to said cylinder, said va'lve means being iiuid operated,there being two pockets of unequal length formed adjacent to each otherin the sliding surface of said extension, and a primary and a secondarypair of holes formed in said head, each of said pairs being adapted tobe connected by one of said pockets to set up passageways carrying iiuidto cause operation of said valve means, the holes in one pair beingspaced differently from the holes of the other pair so that the shorterof said pockets may pass over the farther spaced pair of holes withoutconnecting this pair.

13. In a fluid motor, the combination of an operating fluid supplymeans; a cylinder; a piston slidably disposed in said cylinder; a valvebody lsaid cylinder situated at one end of said cylinder, said valvebody having holes therein; a valve member associated with said valvebody and being movable to admit or exhaust fluid from said cylinder; andan extension secured to and adapted to move with said piston andslidably tting said valve body,

said extension having pockets therein adapted to register with saidholes in amanner to operate said valve member and thus control theadmission and exhaust of said operating uid to and from said cylinder.

14. In a duid motor, the combination of an operating fluid supply means;a cylinder; a piston slidably disposed in said cylinder; a valve bodysituated at one end of said cylinder, saidvalve body having primary,secondary, tertiary, and quaternary holes therein; a valve memberassociated with said valve body and being movable to admit or exhaustuid from said cylinder; and an extension provided to move with saidpiston and slidably tting said valve body, said extension having twogroups of pockets therein, one of said groups being adapted to registerwith said primary and secondary holes in a manner to control theadmission of said operating fluid to said cylinder, and the other ofsaid groups'of pockets being adapted to register with said tertiary andquaternary holes in a manner to operate said valve member and thuscontrol the exhaust of said operating fluid from said cylinder. Y

15. A combination as defined in claim 14 in `which said two groups ofpocketson said extension are similar in shape but inverted in sequencerelative to each other.

16. In a uid motor, the combination of: an operatinguid supply means; acylinder; a piston slidably disposed in said cylinder; a valve body atone end o1' said cylinder, said body having primary, secondary,tertiary, and quaternary holes therein; a valve sleeve slidable relativesaid valve body, said extension having pockets therein adapted tocooperate with said secondary, and tertiary holes, and primary andquaternary holes to substantially simultaneously complete intake andlexhaust passageways respectively from opposite ends of said 'valvepiston chamber to shift said valve sleeve. 1

17. In a fluid-motor, the combination of: a cylinder; a head cooperatingwith said cylinder in dening a motor piston chamber; a uid operatedpiston in said chamber; a plunger on said piston and extending throughsaid head; iuid actuated valve means surrounding said plunger forcontrolling the supply of operating fluid to said motor piston chamberto move said piston away from said head; and means independent of saidvalve means for returning said piston toward said head, said valve meanscontrolling the exhaust of said operating uid from between said pistonand said head.

18. In a fluid-motor, the combination of :l a cylinder; a pistonreciprocable in a motor piston chamber of said cylinder; a valve body ateach end of said cylinder and providing passages communicating with saidmotor piston chamber; and a fluid operated valve sleeve slidablerelative to each valve body for alternately connecting each of saidpassages to a uid supply source and to exhaust.

19. In a huid-motor, the combination of: .a

cylinder; a piston reciprocable ina motor pis-` 'body and said valveshell defining an annular Valve cavity communicating with said passage,

with said uid passage, and with an intake hole formed in said valveshell; and a valve sleeve slidable relative to said valve body to extendVariable distances into said valve cavity for alternately connectingsaid passage with said iiuid passage and with said intake hole.

20. In a duid-operated motor adapted to be positioned in a well, thecombination of: a cylinder; a piston reciprocable in said cylinder byuid pressure alternately supplied to opposite ends of said cylinder; auid-operated control valve positioned at each end of said cylinder;

walls defining an annular fluid passage around said cylinder and saidcontrol valves, said fluid passage communicating with opposite ends ofsaid -4 cylinder through said control valves; and valve means above andbelow said piston and operated as a function of the position thereof,each valve means communicating with said annular fluid' passage and withone of said control valves for controlling the supply of iiuid from saiduid passage into shifting relationship with said control valves. f

CLARENCE J, ooBERLY.

